The Influence of Priming on Reference States
نویسنده
چکیده
Experimental and empirical evidence shows that the utility an individual derives from a certain state depends on the reference state she compares it to. According to economic theory, the reference state is determined by past, present and future outcomes of either the individual herself or her reference group. The experiment described in this paper suggests that, in addition, reference states depend to a significant degree on environmental factors not relevant for outcomes. It indicates that reference states and hence utility can relatively easily be influenced without changing people’s outcomes, e.g., through priming.
منابع مشابه
Comparative study of Commercial exploitation of athletes' reputation In the legal systems of the United States, uk and Iran
Athletes are among the community reference groups that, according to their followers, their behavior patterns have an impact on the behavior of other members of the community. The same scope of influence encourages business firm to use them in their commercial ads. Certainly, this will not be a problem if the athlete is satisfied with the prior consent, but the main issue is where the business ...
متن کاملThe effect of priming on physiological and biochemical traits of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under cobalt chloride stress
Extended Abstract Introduction: The germination stage ensures the durability, establishment, and final yield of plants. The final density of plants per unit area is resulted when the planted seeds germinate fully and with adequate rate. Plants mainly undergo abiotic stresses that are a considerable constraint for agricultural production worldwide. Seed priming is one of the simplest and cheap...
متن کاملDecentralized Model Reference Adaptive Control of Large Scale Interconnected Systems with Time-Delays in States and Inputs
This paper investigates the problem of decentralized model reference adaptive control (MRAC) for a class of large scale systems with time varying delays in interconnected terms and state and input delays. The upper bounds of the interconnection terms are considered to be unknown. Time varying delays in the nonlinear interconnection terms are bounded and nonnegative continuous functions and thei...
متن کاملEffects of Priming with Salicylic Acid on Safflower Seedlings Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters
Generally, primed seeds produce larger and heavier plants than non-primed seeds. This may be simply due to rapid emergence and extension of leaf growth, or the influence of other physiological processes. The effect of seed pretreatment with salicylic acid (SA) on some physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of the safflower seedlings, cv. Goldasht, was examined under field condition. T...
متن کاملPriming Spatial Reference Frames for Memory
We examined the role of spatial frames of reference in memory. Participants first verified verbal descriptions of visual scenes and spatial relations among objects. The intrinsic and relative frames of reference (FoR) were used in the descriptions with varying degrees of frequency (availability) and veridicality (reliability). Descriptions in the two reference frames could either be equally dis...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Games
دوره 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010